weight loss in cancer
weight loss in cancer
1. What is obesity?
People with obesity Those who have a high ratio of
unhealthy fats in the body Most obesity measurement methods are based on
your weight and height, called "body mass index.
Or body mass index (BMI) "
2. How common is overweight or obesity?
Results from a 1999-2000 survey by the National Health
Examination Survey (NHANES) found that approximately 64% of the US adult
population.
Americans who are overweight or obese are about 8% more
compared to the previous NHANES III survey from 1988-1994.
Almost a third of the adult population is
obese. That number increased by about 7.6% from 1994, and data showed that
30% of the population was older than
For 20 years (approximately 59 million people) had a BMI
greater than or equal to 30 (compared to 1994, only 23% of the population were
in this condition).
In addition, overweight children were found to be
overweight. In 1999-2000, approximately 15% of children aged 6-19
(approximately 9 million) were overweight.
This is three times higher than in 1980. In Thailand,
there is no data yet.
weight loss in cancer
3. What is the cause of obesity?
Experts have concluded that the main cause of obesity
is: Caused by a sedentary lifestyle and the consumption of high-energy
foods. (high-calorie food) too much
- A sedentary lifestyle: Research has shown that there is
a strong correlation between physical activity deficiency and obesity.
- Died: Consuming high-energy or fatty foods. It is
an important factor that causes obesity.
4.In science How are obesity and cancer related?
In 2001, experts concluded that cancer of the colon,
breast (postmenopausal), endometrium (endometrium), the kidneys and
esophagus are related to
Obesity In addition, some studies report that obesity is
associated with cancers of the gallbladder, pancreas and ovaries.
Obesity and lack of exercise: About 25-30% are the main
causes of colon, breast (menopause), endometrial
cancer. (endometrium),
Kidneys and esophagus
Preventing weight gain can reduce cancer risk
factors. Experts recommend that diet and exercise habits should be
adjusted in the first place.
To prevent overweight and obesity As for those who
were overweight or obese Should avoid giving any more weight. And
should be able to lose weight by consuming low energy food
And exercise together Losing only 5-10% of your
original weight will improve your health.
weight loss in cancer
5. People who are overweight or obese How many
cancers are there And how many deaths are there?
In 2002, the United States had an estimated 41,000 cancer
cases arising from obesity (approximately 3.2% among all cancer
cases). Associated with obesity)
It is reported in the United States that 14% of male
patients die from cancer and 20% of female patients die from
cancer. Caused by overweight and obesity
For in Thailand, there is no information yet.
6. Does obesity increase the risk of breast cancer?
Effects of Obesity on Breast Cancer Depending on the
woman's menopause Premenopausal age Obese women have a lower risk of
breast cancer than women with
Normal weight, but for menopause Obese women had a
1.5 times greater risk of normal weight women.
Obese women are at a greater risk of dying from breast
cancer after menopause than women of normal weight. Scientists expect
death from breast cancer.
In the united states (In the age group over 50)
there are approximately 11,000-18,000 people per year if BMI is not controlled
below 25
Obesity increases the risk of breast cancer especially
among postmenopausal women who are not hormonal drugs. In the group who
took hormonal drugs, it was found that the incidence of the disease was not.
The difference was significantly between obese and normal
weight women.
Causes of Increased Risk of Breast Cancer and
Death It is believed to be caused by an increase in estrogen levels in
obese women before menopause.
It acts primarily for the production of
estrogen. And there is a part produced from fat tissue (fat tissue) when
entering menopause, the ovaries will stop producing hormones. The adipose
tissue.
Acts to produce estrogen instead. Postmenopausal
estrogen levels are approximately 50-100% higher in obese women compared to
thin women. So that tissue
Estrogen responses are highly stimulated in obese
patients. This leads to the rapid growth of a breast lump that responds
well to the hormone estrogen (estrogen-
responsive breast tumor)
Other factors that increase the rate of death from breast
cancer in obese women are: The detection of breast cancer in the later
stage (later stage) than normal weight people.
Because it is more difficult to detect a lump on the
breast
Studies on obesity and breast cancer in the United States
are limited. There are some reports of studies in Africanc American women
(which are few compared to
The majority of African American women with high body
mass index were found to have advanced stage of milk cancer at the time of
first diagnosis.
The distribution of body fat also affects the risk of
breast cancer. People with abdominal fat have a higher risk of developing
breast cancer than those who have fat.
Accumulate on the hips and thighs But the results of
the study showed that the effects of abdominal fat. Less is more in
comparison with weight gain or body mass index.
weight loss in cancer
7. Does obesity increase the risk of uterine cancer?
Obesity is associated with endometrial
cancer. (endometrium) Obese women had an increased risk of 2-4 times
compared to normal weight women. And most of them are in
Wealthy society
There is currently no conclusive evidence that obesity is
a risk factor for endometrial cancer. However, it is believed that the stimulation
of hormones And estrogen levels
And high insulin may be a risk factor for the disease.
8. Does obesity increase the risk of colon cancer?
Colon cancer is more common in obese people than normal
weight people. An increased risk factor for colon cancer has been
reported. In men with a high body mass index The relationship between
BMI and risk factors in women were found to be minimal or
virtually none.
This is different from breast and uterine
cancer. Estrogens are protective against colon cancer in
women. However, if both obesity and estrogen levels are present, they may
influence.
Bowel cancer too Women with a high BMI, both before
menopause and after menopause. Months was found to increase the risk of
colon cancer as well as men with a BMI.
High in postmenopausal women who were not taking estrogen
supplements did not increase the risk of bowel cancer.
Some studies have found that metabolic syndrome may be a
significant risk factor for developing bowel cancer. In men, a high BMI
was associated with fat on the abdomen, but in women
weight loss in cancer
Fat will be distributed to the hips and
thighs. Therefore, there are two methods of measuring belly fat: waist and
hip ratio. Or waist length Which may be a predictor
The risk of colon cancer is better. Several studies
have compared waist to hip ratios to the risk of colon cancer in
women. However, there are 1 studies that
It was found that there was an increased risk of colon
cancer in women with high hip and circumcision ratios, which was found to be
related to inactivity.
The mechanism of obesity causing bowel cancer is
hypothesized that it may be due to high insulin levels that stimulate the
growth of the tumor.
9. Does obesity increase the risk of kidney cancer?
Studies have shown that there is a link between the type of
renal cell carcinoma and obesity in women. Which in some reports has been
found to increase the risk
About 2-3 times compared to normal weight people
In men, the results of the study are not
conclusive. (Which may be less or less relevant). meta-analysis Found
that the risk in men and
Women are equal Kidney cancer is found in
approximately 36% in overweight people and about 84% in obese people.
The mechanism of obesity causing kidney cancer is
unclear. Estrogen and androgen activation may be one mechanism that can be
explained.
weight loss in cancer
10. Does obesity increase the risk of esophageal or
stomach cancer?
Overweight and obesity both increase the risk of
developing esophageal cancer. adenocarcinoma approximately 2 times as
compared with normal weight and gain
A small risk of developing stomach
disease. (Esophageal extension) Most studies on esophageal cancers, such
as squamous cell
Carcinoma increases the risk of esophageal
cancer. adenocarcinoma Associated with weight gain, smoking and being
younger than 59.
The mechanism of obesity causing esophageal
cancer Adenocarcinoma is unclear whether gastric acidosis is reversed in
obese patients.
Making it possible to increase the risk But some
studies have found that in people with high body mass index. They were at
the same risk of developing the disease compared with those with and without
GERD.
11. Does obesity increase the risk of prostate cancer?
More than 35 studies have been reported on risk factors
for developing prostate cancer. It was found to be unrelated to
obesity. But there are some reports that obese men are at risk.
Higher than normal weight men, especially aggressive
tumor cancer. One study reported an increased risk in men at the ratio of waist
circumference to
Therefore, it is believed that fat accumulation in the
abdomen is associated with prostate cancer.
The obesity mechanisms that cause prostate cancer are
believed to be caused by levels of insulin, leptin, and IGF-1 (insuline-like
growth factor-1).
weight loss in cancer
12. Is there evidence to suggest that obesity is related
to gallbladder cancer, ovarian cancer or pancreatic cancer?
An increased risk of gallbladder cancer has been linked
to obesity, especially in women. This may be related to gallstones, which
are common in obese people. And is an important risk factor for cancer
Gallbladder However, research is not conclusive.
The effects of obesity on ovarian cancer are
unclear. Some studies have reported an increased risk in obese
people. But some reports found that they were not correlated. But a
recent study recently found that
The risk is increased in obese people, adolescent to
early adulthood. In the elderly who are obese does not increase the risk.
There is one study that reports on the link between
obesity and pancreatic cancer, one recent study found that obesity increases
the risk of pancreatic cancer. Only those who are not
Exercise and study A meta-analysis found that obese
people increased the risk of pancreatic cancer approximately 19% compared to
those of normal weight.
13. Does preventing weight gain reduce cancer risk
factors?
Most studies have concluded that preventing weight gain
can reduce cancer risk factors. Although there is currently no control
clinical trial study.
About cancer and preventing weight gain But an
observation study found that preventing weight gain reduces the risk of colon
cancer, breast cancer.
(Menopause), endometrial cancer, kidney cancer and
esophageal cancer. But the data is limited on thyroid and other cancers.
weight loss in cancer
14. Does losing weight reduce the risk of cancer?
There are insufficient data on weight loss against cancer
risk factors, observational studies on weight loss are limited. And some
studies have found that
The risk of developing breast cancer is lower in people
who lose weight. However, most studies are inconclusive.
Recent studies have found that people who intend and lose
more than or equal to 20 pounds and never return to obesity. Have the same
incidence of cancer than those in slim health who have never
Weight loss, however, in most studies it is inconclusive.
15. Does regular exercise reduce cancer risk factors?
There are currently no controlled clinical trials on the
effects of regular exercise on the risk of cancer. However, there is a
type of study.
exercise It was found to reduce the risk of colon
and breast cancer.
Bowel cancer :
In 2002, a double-blind review of the Observational found that moderate
exercise reduced colon cancer by about 50%, such as brisk walking.
About 3-4 hours per week
From most studies Found that both obese and normal
weight people Exercise can help prevent cancer.
Breast cancer :
The relationship between exercise and breast cancer is not
conclusive. Most studies on breast cancer are done in the menopause
group.
A report from the woman's health initiative found that
exercise in postmenopausal women, such as walking for approximately 30 minutes
a day, reduces the incidence of breast cancer.
20% in people with normal weight Exercise reduces
breast cancer by 37%, while a protective effect does not prevent breast cancer
in women.
Being overweight or obese
weight loss in cancer
16. What is the mechanism of biology describing the
relationship between obesity and cancer?
The biological mechanisms described in obesity increase
the risk of cancer, which are described for different types of cancer (referred
to in questions 6-11).
Unclear It is believed that it is caused by changes
in sex hormone levels (such as estrogen, progesterone and androgens), insulin
and IGF-1 in obese people.
Risk of breast cancer, endometrial cancer And colon
cancer
Sex hormones bind to globulin, which is the main
transport protein to plasma (plasma), which may be associated with increased
risk factors in obese people.
17.On current research
Although there is considerable research done in the
population on the link between obesity and cancer. In some studies on
weight management Exercise and
Power consumption (Energy consumption and
metabolism) against cancer, some cancers, such as colon cancer, breast cancer.
Obese people due to weight gain, consumption of high-fat
or high-energy foods, lack of exercise, or all three factors.
In 2002, the International Agency for Research on Cancer
(IARC) reported weight control, exercise. And cancer, which has
recommended
For future research as follows
- Studies on long-term protection against the effects of
dietary changes leading to weight gain and the risk of cancer.
- studies on long-term protection from the effects of
exercise (According to the type and frequency of exercise) on the
relationship between weight increase and
Cancer risk
- Studies on the prevention of weight gain and promoting
physical activity at a social level.
Today, many countries are promoting more weight management, exercise and
healthy food intake.
weight loss in cancer
18. Does the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) study the
link between obesity and cancer?
The NCI Research Fund has looked at the link between
obesity and cancer. Including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial
cancer, colon cancer and cancer.
Esophagus as follows
- Studies on breast and endometrial cancer Which are
aimed at the effects of obesity and weight changes on the risk of developing
breast cancer and
Endometrial cancer It was studied in American
Hispanic and white non-Hispanic people.
- Studies in Caucasians, African Americans and Latinos on
consumption. phytoestrogen Which is a risk factor for endometrial
cancer and
Relationship with obesity
- Studies in black women on the effects of various risk
factors for developing breast cancer. Which includes obesity
- A study by The Health, Eating, Activity and Lifestyle
(HEAL) Breast Cancer, which examines the relationship between diet, weight, and
exercise.
weight loss in cancer
Hormones, predicting prognosis of breast cancer And
quality of life In approximately 1,200 cancer patients as a
forward-looking (cohort) study
In addition, the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and
Genetics (DCEG) studies on epidemiology and heredity are also available.
One of the NCI studies on the effects of obesity and lack
of exercise. This includes cohort studies in clinical trials.
Such as Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene Study (Prostate
Cancer, Lung Cancer, Colon Cancer and Ovarian Cancer).
Energy consumption and consumption in cohort and
case-control studies in Sweden, China, England, including the NIH-AARP
(National Institutes of Health-American
Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study, a
prospective cohort study on the association of nutrition and cancer.
NCI has developed and supported research Updated on
how to measure consumption and exercise in the population. By
understanding the knowledge and practice about treatment
Obesity supports education in nutrition, energy
consumption and exercise. Which affects the incidence of cancer
Other studies of the NCI were conducted in laboratory
animals. About obesity and cancer There was one study of body fat mass and
the progression of cancer in
Lab rats with prostate cancer
The Center for Cancer Research, part of the NCI, studies
the mechanisms of energy, energy regulation, dieting, exercise, and obesity
diets.
And genetic factors that cause obesity And the
frequency of cancer in laboratory animals.
NCI supports the training of scientists in courses such
as nutrition and obesity at the University of California, Los Angeles, with
individual scientists.
Study on knowledge topics such as Culturally Proficient
Smoking and Weight Control Treatment, Exploration and Intervention in Weight
Gain Associated.
With Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer, and
Visceral Adipose Tissue and Colorectal Neoplasia.
weight loss in cancer
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